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1 §³§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §¯§ª§© (NCD-RisC), ?§®§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§Ö §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§Ñ §ã 1990 §á§à 2022 §Ô§à§Õ: §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù 1108 §â§Ö§á§â§Ö§Ù§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ã §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ 141 §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü?, The Lancet, §ä. 404, ¡í 10467 (§ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§î 2024 §Ô.), §ã§ä§â. 2077¨C2093. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å: .

2 §´§Ñ§Þ §Ø§Ö.

3 §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, ?§¥§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä?, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Ò§ð§Ý§Ý§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§î, 14 §ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 2024 §Ô. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

4 §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §®§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 2025: §®§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¸§µ§², §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¨§Ö§ß§Ö§Ó§Ñ, 2025 §Ô.). §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å: .

5 ?§¥§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä?, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Ò§ð§Ý§Ý§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§î.

6 §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §æ§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§Ñ, ?§¥§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §Ú §è§Ú§æ§â§í? (§¢§â§ð§ã§ã§Ö§Ý§î, 2022). §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å: .

7 §´§Ñ§Õ§Õ§Ö§å§ã §±. §µ§à§ä§Ö§â§ã §Ú §Õ§â., ?§¯§å§Ø§ß§à §Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ §ã §Ô§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§à§Þ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ü§â§Ú§ß§Ú§ß§Ô §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä 2-§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ §á§â§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó §â§à§Õ§Õ§à§Þ??, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, §ä. 222, ¡í 1 (§ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§î 2020 §Ô.), 73.e1¨C 73.e11. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

8 §¬§ï§ä§â§Ú§ß §¬§Ú§Þ, §¬§ï§ä§â§Ú§ß §®. §¯§î§ð§ä§à§ß §Ú §²§à§Ò§Ö§â§ä §·. §¬§ß§à§á§á, ?§¤§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§à§Þ 2-§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ: §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§Ò§Ù§à§â?, Diabetes Care, §ä. 25, ¡í 10 (2002), §ã§ä§â. 1862¨C1868. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

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