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§ª§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§Ú§Þ§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §²§Ñ§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§à §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¦§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Õ, §µ§á§Ö§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ê§à§â §²§Ñ§Û, §Ò§í§Ý §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ò§Ö§ß§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Þ, §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§à§Þ §Ú §Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §¢§â§Ñ§ç§Þ§à §³§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Õ§Ø§Ñ (§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§Õ§å§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Õ§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ §Ú §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û). §¦§Ô§à §à§ä§Ö§è, §³§å§Ü§å§Þ§Ñ§â §²§Ñ§Û, §Ò§í§Ý §Ò§Ö§ß§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Þ, §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §á§à§ï§Ù§Ú§Ö§Û §Ñ§Ò§ã§å§â§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§à§Û, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ú §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Þ. §°§ß §é§Ö§â§á§Ñ§Ý §Ó§Õ§à§ç§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó ¡ª §à§ä §²§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ä§Ñ §´§Ñ§Ô§à§â§Ñ §Õ§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §¯§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §¢§à§ã§Ñ §Ú §¢§Ö§ß§à§Õ§Ö §¢§Ö§ç§Ñ§â§Ú §®§å§Ü§Ö§â§Õ§Ø§Ú §Ó §º§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö, §à§ä §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§à§Ó §²§Ö§ß§å§Ñ§â§Ñ §Ú §¥§Ö §³§Ú§Ü§Ñ (?§±§à§ç§Ú§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§Ý§à§ã§Ú§á§Ö§Õ§à§Ó?), §¹§Ñ§á§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú §¶§à§â§Õ§Ñ (?§¶§à§â§ä §¡§á§Ñ§é§Ú?) §Õ§à §æ§à§ä§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Û §¬§Ñ§â§ä§î§Ö §¢§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§ß§Ñ §Ú §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú §¢§Ö§ä§ç§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ñ.

§±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§Ú§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ §²§Ñ§ñ §¿§ß§Õ§â§ð §²§à§Ò§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß §ã§á§â§à§ã§Ú§Ý §Ö§Ô§à, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §à§ß §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ ?§ß§Ñ 50 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§í§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ?, §à§ß §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý: ?§¥§Ñ, §ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð, §Ú §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§å§Õ§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú, §Ü§ä§à §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ó §ä§à§Û §Ø§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§í§ç §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û?⁴. ?

§ª §Ó§ã§Ö §Ø§Ö §²§Ñ§Û §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§â§ß§ñ§Þ, §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§Ö§ä, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §Õ§à§Þ§Ö §ß§Ñ §ð§Ô§Ö §¬§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§ä§ä§í (§ß§í§ß§Ö §¬§à§Ý§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ) §ß§Ñ§Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ê§ä§Ñ§Ò-§Ü§Ó§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§â§à§Û, §Ô§Õ§Ö §à§ß §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ú§ã§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Ý §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ç. §²§Ñ§Û §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ö ?§Ô§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ? §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ß§à§Þ: §á§â§Ú §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Þ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ö §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§£§à§Ù§î§Þ§Ö§Þ, §Ü §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§å, §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Þ§à§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§Þ§í§ç §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§Ö §²§Ñ§ñ ¡ª§á§â§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ú§Ô§â§å §ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §Ó §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§Ö ?§¡§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§â §¥§Ú§ß §²§Ñ§ä§â§Ú? (?§¥§ß§Ú §Ú §ß§à§é§Ú §Ó §Ý§Ö§ã§å?, 1970 §Ô§à§Õ), §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ô§Ö§â§à§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û. §®§Ö§ß§ñ §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§å§Þ§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ô§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ú§Ô§â§í §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ô§Ö§â§à§Ö§Ó, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ð §ã§Ó§à§ð §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §à §²§Ñ§Ö: ?§²§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ä, §¬§Ñ§â§Ý §®§Ñ§â§Ü§ã, §¬§Ý§Ö§à§á§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ, §¡§ä§å§Ý§ñ §¤§à§ê, §¦§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §´§â§à§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ, §º§Ö§Ü§ã§á§Ú§â, §®§Ñ§à §¸§Ù§Ö§Õ§å§ß, §¥§à§ß §¢§â§ï§Õ§Þ§Ñ§ß, §²§Ñ§ß§Ú §²§Ñ§ê§Þ§à§ß§Ú, §¢§à§Ò§Ò§Ú §¬§Ö§ß§ß§Ö§Õ§Ú, §´§Ö§Ü§é§Ñ§ß§Õ §´§ç§Ñ§Ü§å§â, §¯§Ñ§á§à§Ý§Ö§à§ß, §®§å§Þ§ä§Ñ§Ù §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§Ý!?

§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §¬§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Ý §²§Ñ§Û, ?§ñ §ß§Ö §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ð §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ. §±§â§à§ã§ä§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§å§ð§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú?⁵. §ª §ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ö§â§Ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §à§ß §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ý §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ú§ç §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ú§ç §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§å, §Ú§ç §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ò§å§ß§ä§í §Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §á§à§Ò§Ö§Õ§í, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ö§Þ§å §á§à§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §á§à§Ó§ã§ð§Õ§å.

§¯§Ö§å§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §é§ä§à, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §²§Ñ§Û §ß§Ö§â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Õ§à§ê§Ö§Ý §Ü §²§Ú§é§Ñ§â§Õ§å §¡§ä§ä§Ö§ß§Ò§à§â§à §ã §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§à§Û §ã§í§Ô§â§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§Ö ?§º§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ø §¬§Ö §·§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú? (?§º§Ñ§ç§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§í?, 1977 §Ô§à§Õ), §Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý: ?§³§Ñ§ä§î§ñ§Õ§Ø§Ú§ä, §ñ §Ò§í§Ý §Ò§í §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó §á§â§à§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü?⁶. ?§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ã §²§Ñ§Ö§Þ §¡§ä§ä§Ö§ß§Ò§à§â§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ý §Ö§Ô§à §Ô§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ô§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §¹§Ñ§á§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ.

§´§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §²§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §é§ä§à §ñ§á§à§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ã§ã§Ö§â §¡§Ü§Ú§â§Ñ §¬§å§â§à§ã§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý: ?§¯§Ö §á§à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ä§î §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§í §²§Ñ§ñ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §é§ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§ñ §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §­§å§ß§í?⁷.

§¦§ë§Ö §Õ§à §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §²§Ñ§Û §ã§ß§ñ§Ý §ã§Ó§à§Û §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ ?§±§Ñ§ä§Ö§â §±§Ñ§ß§é§Ñ§Ý§Ú? (1955 §Ô§à§Õ), §Ó 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§ß §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ð §á§à§Õ §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ ?§¹§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §ã §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú?? §Ó §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ö§ä§Ö ?The Statesman? §Ó §¬§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§ä§ä§Ö: ?§³§í§â§î§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ñ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î. §¯§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ, §Ó§Õ§à§ç§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§á§Ú§ã§Ú, §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§à§ï§Ù§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ §á§à§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ü §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ü§Ú§ß§à§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ã§ã§Ö§â§Ñ. §¦§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ö§Þ§å §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ú §å§ê§Ú. §±§å§ã§ä§î §à§ß §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§ä§à?.

§¿§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù §ä§à, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý §²§Ñ§Û §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç 40 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ß §ã§ß§ñ§Ý 37 §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§à§Ó. §°§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó ?§´§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §¡§á§å? §Õ§à §ã§ä§à§Û§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ§å§ç§Ñ §Ó ?§®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§â§Ö?; §à§ä §Þ§à§ë§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ã§í§Ý§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ü§å §Ó ?§¤§å§á§Ú §á§à§Ö§ä, §¢§Ñ§Ô§ç§Ñ §ä§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ö§ä? §Õ§à §ä§à§â§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ò§Ö§Õ§í §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ç ?§³§à§ß§Ñ§â §¬§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ñ? §Ú ?§¥§Ø§à§Û §¢§Ñ§Ò§Ñ §¶§Ö§Ý§å§ß§Ñ§ä§ç?.

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§®§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è §Õ§à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ü§à§ß§é§Ú§ß§í §²§Ñ§Û §Ò§í§Ý §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ ?§°§ã§Ü§Ñ§â§à§Þ?. §Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ä: ?§³§Ñ§ä§î§ñ§Õ§Ø§Ú§ä§å §²§Ñ§ð §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §Ü§Ú§ß§à§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ñ, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ú §Ù§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö?.

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¹ Derek Malcolm, "Satyajit Ray: Interview", in Satyajit Ray: Interviews, Burt Cardullo, ed. (Jackson, Mississippi, University Press of Mississippi, 2007).?

² Shamila Tagore, "What Satyajit Ray Left Us is an Inheritance of Endless Possibilities", The Wire, 11 September 2015. §³ §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:

³ Udayan Gupta, "The Politics of Humanism: An Interview with Satyajit Ray", in Satyajit Ray: Interviews, Burt Cardullo, ed. (Jackson, Mississippi, University Press of Mississippi, 2007).?

⁴ Andrew Robinson,?Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker?(New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004).

⁵ Andrew Robinson, "Satyajit Ray: A?Moral Attitude", Sight and Sound?, 20 May 2020. §³ §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:?

⁶?Suresh Jindal,?My Adventures with Satyajit Ray: The Making of Shatranj Ke Khilari (Noida, India, HarperCollins, 2017).

⁷ Andrew Robinson, Sudden Genius? The Gradual Path to Creative Breakthroughs?(New York, Oxford University Press, 2010).

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