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§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ

¹ §¥§ï§Ó§Ú§Õ §². §²§Ñ§å§ß§ã §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters¡±, Science, 379(6627) (2023), §ã§ä§â. 78¨C83.

² §¿§ß§ä§à§ß§Ú §¡§â§Ö§ß§Õ§ä, ¡°Randolph glacier inventory¨Ca dataset of global glacier outlines: Version 6.0: Technical report, global land ice measurements from space¡± (2023).

³ §¥§ï§Ó§Ú§Õ §². §²§Ñ§å§ß§ã §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.

⁴ §¤§Ñ§â§â§Ú §©§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§Ú §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Twenty-first-century global glacier evolution under CMIP6 scenarios and the role of glacier-specific observations¡±, The Cryosphere, 18 (2025), §ã§ä§â. 5045¨C5066. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

⁵ §¥§ï§Ó§Ú§Õ §². §²§Ñ§å§ß§ã §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.

⁶ §¶§Ú§Ý§Ú§á§á§å§ã §£§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Chapter 1: Water, ice, society, and ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: An introduction¡±, §Ó §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ö Water, Ice, Society, and Ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: An Outlook, §¶§Ú§Ý§Ú§á§á§å§ã §£§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§â., (§â§Ö§Õ.) (§¬§Ñ§ä§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§å, §¯§Ö§á§Ñ§Ý, §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §è§Ö§ß§ä§â §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§à§Ó (ICIMOD), 2023), §ã§ä§â. 1¨C15. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

⁷ §¥§ï§ß §·., §º§å§Ô§Ñ§â §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990¡±, Nature Climate Change, 10 (2023), §ã§ä§â. 939¨C945. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

⁸ §¬§ï§â§à§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §´§Ö§Û§Ý§à§â §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö, ¡°Glacial lake outburst floods threaten millions globally¡±, Nature Communications, 14 (2023), §ã§ä§â. 487. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

⁹ §¶§Ú§Ý§Ú§á§á§å§ã §£§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§â., §ã§ä§â. 1¨C15.

¹⁰ §µ§à§Ý§ä§Ö§â §£. §ª§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ú§Ý §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Importance and vulnerability of the world's water towers¡±, Nature 577(7790) (2020), §ã§ä§â. 364¨C369.

¹¹ §³§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ §¹§Ñ§å§Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Ú §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°Effects of a changing cryosphere on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and response options in the Hindu Kush Himalaya¡±, §Ó §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ö Water, Ice, Society, and Ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: An Outlook, §¶§Ú§Ý§Ú§á§á§å§ã §£§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§â., (§â§Ö§Õ.) (§¬§Ñ§ä§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§å, §¯§Ö§á§Ñ§Ý, ICIMOD, 2023), §ã§ä§â. 123¨C163. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å .

¹² §µ§à§Ý§ä§Ö§â §£. §ª§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§Ù§Ú§Ý §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.

¹³ §²§Ö§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ §·§à§Ü §Ú §Õ§â., ¡°High Mountain Areas¡±, §Ó §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö §®§¤§¿§ª§¬ §à§Ò §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ú §Ü§â§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ, §·§Ñ§ß§ã-§°§ä§ä§à §±§×§â§ä§ß§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§â., (§â§Ö§Õ.) (§¬§Ö§Þ§Ò§â§Ú§Õ§Ø, §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü, Cambridge University Press, 2019), §ã§ä§â. 131¨C202. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§å: .

¹⁴ §¬§ï§â§à§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §´§Ö§Û§Ý§à§â §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.

¹⁵ §³§à§æ§Ú §¬§à§Ó§Ú-§¶§â§à§ß§î§Ö §Ú §°§Ý§Ú§Ó§î§Ö §¥§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý, ¡°A global synthesis of biodiversity responses to glacier retreat¡±, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(12) (2019), §ã§ä§â. 1675¨C1685.

§¥§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ; §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §ß§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ê§Ú§Ö §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ. §£ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ö, §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §à§â§Ú§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§å §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö.